Recognition of normal gingiva, gingival infection, deeper periodontal involvement depends on disciplined, stepbystep examination dictate what we need to do, reversed on healthy tissue back to healthy state, chemotherapeutic agents. Gingival pigmentation is a discoloration of the gingiva due to a variety of lesions and conditions associated with several endogenous and exogenous etiologic features 8. Gingival depigmentation using surgical excision technique. Histological and clinical evaluation of gingival healing following gingivectomy using different treatment modalities ajita meenawat 1, sunil c. Study 16 gingival descriptors flashcards from ben l.
Numerous procedures have been developed for depigmentation of the gingiva, such as scalpel method, bur abrasion 4, free gingival graft 5, gingivectomy 6, cryosurgery 7, and laser surgery 8. The gingiva is the only visible part of the periodontium that can be seen in the mouth. Melanin, a nonhemoglobinderived brown pigment, is the most common of the endogenous pigments and is produced by. Health, general gingiva physiological aspects gums pigmentation disorders care and treatment causes of. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of gingival depigmentation procedure with conventional scalpel technique and diode laser application. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental implants. Choose from 500 different sets of gingiva flashcards on quizlet. Primary malignant melanoma of maxillary gingiva a case. Ten systemically healthy patients who were aged 18 to 36 years were selected for the study. The gingival thickness affects the treatment outcome possibly because of the difference in the amount of blood supply to the underlying bone and susceptibility to resorption. Gingival description dentistry 104 with clossen at. The increase of fluid in the inflamed tissue may also cause the gums to be soft, porous, and inelastic fig.
Nadia dhiman bds 3rd prof slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The width of the attached gingiva was obtained by substracting the probing depth from the width of the keratinized gingiva. Though, it is not a medical problem, many people complain of dark gums as unesthetic. However, pigmented gums can be a major cause of embarrassment for patients, especially those with a. A pleasing smile is desired by all, and forms the main focus of aesthetic dentistry. Gingival depigmentation cosmetic gum treatment in chattanooga. Association of melanin pigmentation in the gingiva of children with parents who smoke. The gingiva is the most frequently pigmented intraoral tissue, with the highest rate observed in the area of the incisors front teeth, but other oral tissues can also be affected. The gingiva is considered the most frequently pigmented tissue in the oral cavity 7. A specially designed proforma for this study was used to record all the details which included the following parameters. Aug 29, 20 clinical features of gingiva submitted to. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. Oral pigmented lesions can have various etiologies, namely drugs, heavy metals, genetics, endocrine disturbances, inflammation and smoking 1,2,3. Color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva.
Feb 01, 20 the colour of the pigmented gingiva varies from light to dark brown or black. Gingival descriptors at dalhousie university studyblue. Dimensional alterations of the gingiva related to changes. Gingival pigmentation is a major concern for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. Correction of an inadequate zone of attached gingiva on several adjacent teeth is best accomplished with aan apically repositioned flap laterally positioned sliding flap. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic procedure should be included in the treatment options designed to ensure more accurate esthetic outcome thereby enhancing the confidence of the patient. The gingiva is the most frequently pigmented intraoral tissue, with the highest rate observed in the area. Consequently, multiple depigmentation techniques have been employed, including bur abrasion, surgical scraping, and electro surgery 68. The segmented teeth and gingiva region images are the basis for extraction of several parameters of. The aim of this study is to identify gingival melanin pigmentation patterns and to investigate its relationship based on clinical analysis with skin color, gender and gingival phenotype for various treatment modalities.
Desquamation of the gingiva usually occurs as a result of. In total, 200 subjects without any systemic disease 100 males and 100 females with mean age 26. Any fluid or semisolid that has exuded out of a tissue or its capillaries, more specifically because of injury or inflammation for example, peritoneal pus in peritonitis, or the exudate that forms a scab over a skin abrasion in which case it is characteristically high in protein and white blood cells. Dec 22, 2015 the aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. Pigmented lesions of oral mucosa oral and perioral pigmentation may be physiologic or pathologic in origin. This paper aims to illustrate the use of a carbon dioxide laser in the removal of the gingival melanic pigmentation for. Desquamation of the gingiva usually occurs as a result of the most appropriate treatment for a permanent molar with occlusal caries confined to the enamel of the central pit is aan after the crown completion stage, trauma to a developing tooth may be responsible for a 45 year old patient has 32 unrestored teeth. Hence the aim of case series was to compare four different depigmentation techniques for removing melanin pigmentation of gingiva. Histological and clinical evaluation of gingival healing. Desquamative gingiva free download as powerpoint presentation.
The aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. The segmentation is based on the selforganizing map further som algorithm, a type of arti. Earlier studies have shown that periodontitis may lead to a localised infection in the placenta, when oral bacteria from gingival bleeding gets into the. Discoloration of the oral mucosa or gingiva is associated with several exogenous and endogenous factors. Clinical pigmentation in the gingiva may cause aesthetic problems 4,5. Gingival pigmentation cause, treatment and histological. While in this position, the rubber stopper of the endodontic file was fixed on the soft tissue. The areas of gum tissue affected by hyper pigmentation may appear black, brown, or blue in color. One of the most common causes of oral pigmentation is smoker melanosis, a condition associated with the melanocyte stimulation caused by cigarette smoke. Verma 1, vivek govila 1, vivek srivastava 2, karan punn 3 1 department of periodontics, bbd college of dental sciences, uttar pradesh, india 2 department of periodontics,chandra dental college, lucknow, uttar pradesh, india 3 department of oral and. T he oral cavity is a common site for various pigmented lesions. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation 2 case reports. A split mouth randomized clinical comparative study to. Tetrafluoroethane was used for the cryosurgical depigmentation and the gingival abrasion technique.
The doctors tv showosborne head and neck institute duration. Color range and color distribution of healthy human. Particular surgical principles of crown lengthening are examined in detail. This can be a natural occurrence or can result after certain dental procedures. Introduction oral pigmentation is a discoloration of the oral mucosa or gingiva associated with several exogenous and endogenous factors. The wound healing takes place by secondary intention and is associated with significant patient morbidity during the healing period. Gingiva definition of gingiva by the free dictionary. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Gingival exudates definition of gingival exudates by.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Abstract maxillary and mandibular anterior permanent teeth in 38 children aged 712 years were examined 2. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video. A clinical study of the width of the attached gingiva in the deciduous, transitional and permanent dentitions. The width of the keratinized gingiva and the depth of the gingival sulcus were measured on the midfacial aspect of all teeth in each patient, using a calibrated, flat periodontal probe. Keywords gingiva, aesthetic, depigmentation i ntroduction in todays aesthetic conscious world, gingival colour and display rate is an integral part of an individuals smile. A total of 48 patients 27 male, 21 female with a chief complaint of black gums were selected in this study and treated by surgical depigmentation procedure over a period of 3 years 20042007. Hyperactivity of the melanocytes is the reason for dark colour of gingiva, which is absolutely benign condition with only esthetic disadvantage, for people with gummy smile mostly. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis using. Depending on the gingival display during smiling, corrective measures may be needed for an esthetic purpose. P 1963 gingival bleeding index ainamo j and bay i 1975. The skin tone, texture and colour differ in various races and regions 14. Microvascular reactivity of the gingiva around implant born crown.
Pouran famili, department of periodontics and preventive dentistry, university of pittsburgh, b101 salk. Diode laser is a minimally invasive treatment option for the. Gingival depigmentation procedure is a type of perioplastic surgery where the gingival epithelium is excised with various techniques to lighten the colour of the gingiva. Microvascular reactivity of the gingiva around implant. Gingival consistency definition of gingival consistency. Depigmentation is a procedure of removing or reducing of gingival hyperpigmentation. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3 chinthamani laser dental implant. A clinical study of the width of the attached gingiva in. Identification of gingival pigmentation patterns and its. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic sur gical procedure where the darkly pigmented gingival epithelium is removed or the pigmentation reduced by various techniques. Gingiva is connected to the tooth by a network of collangenous fibers the connective tissue fibers arise from a higher level on the cementum because of the curvature of the cej and the. In 1932, prinz described it as a peculiar condition characterized by intense erythema, desquamation and ulceration of the free and attached gingiva. A comparative evaluation of the gingival depigmentation by using tetrafluoroethane cryosurgery and the gingival abrasion technique 2 years of follow up.
A case report ssv prasad, neeraj agrawal, nr reddy department of periodontics, peoples dental academy, peoples campus bhanpur, bhopal462037. Introduction gingiva is part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the neck of the tissue. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Oral pigmented lesions can have various etiologies, namely drugs, heavy metals. Tissue consistency and texture in gingivitis foundations. The pigmentation of the gingiva, when it is not related to the skin complexion, is a dampening factor in an otherwise acceptable smile window. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental implants volume 2 issue 5 2015 pouran famili, anita desai department of periodontics and preventive dentistry, university of pittsburgh, usa correspondence. By contrast, gingival overgrowth refers to an increase in gingival volume due to an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Melanic pigmentation results from melanin produced by the melanocytes present in the basal layer of the oral epithelium. It covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the portions of the teeth near where the root and crown join cervical portion. Gingival depigmentation by free gingival autograft. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3.
When compared to primary predecessors, the permanent teeth had a deeper probing depth, narrower attached gingiva and at the maxillary teeth, a wider keratinized gingiva. Case report gingival hyperplasia being the first sign of wegeners. Split mouth gingival depigmentation using blade and diode laser a case report kumara ajeya et al annals of dental research 2011 vol 1 1. Measurements included dental plaque, gingival inflammation, probing depth. It may appear in the gingiva as early as 3 hours after birth and often is the only evidence of pigmentation. The mean width of the attached gingiva did not show an increase from the deciduous to the permanent dentition. Abstract a longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the changes in the sulcus probing depth, keratinized and attached gingiva during the mixed dentition period. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic procedure which has been carried out by various techniques. Gingiva the gingiva jin je va is the part of the oral tissue oral mucosa covered by keratinized epithelium. Gingival pigmentation occurs as a diffuse,deeppurplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown patches.
Composed of thin outer epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Wegeners granulomatosis gw is a multisystemic granulomatous vasculitis that predominantly affects the airways and the kidneys, but. A clinical study of the width of the attached gingiva in the. The tissue should be firm and resilient and should resemble smooth velvet or a finely or coarsely grained orange peel. It results from melanin granules, which are produced by melanoblasts. Gingival margin is 1 to 2 mm above cej marginal gingivae is knife edge, flat and fall is a current line around the tooth and fits snugly around the tooth. Shape the shape of the gingiva varies considerably depending on the shape of the teeth, their alignment in the arch, the location and size of the area of the proximal contact, the dimensions of the facial and lingual gingival embrasures, and the degree of gingival health festooned gingiva when the gingival margin continues to thicken, the condition takes on a lifesaverlike appearance. Desquamative gingiva diseases and disorders medical. Comparative evaluation of gingival depigmentation using. The burscraping technique provided stable clinical results with minimal postoperative discomfort. Yag laser than liquid nitrogen in case of gingival depigmentation.
These color changes often occur due to deposition,production or increased accumulation of various endogenous or exogenous pigmented substances. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis. The width of the keratinized gingiva and the depth of the gingival sulcus were measured on the midfacial aspect. Gingival pigmentation is presented as a diffuse deep purplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown or black patches, striae or strands.
Three case reports udatta kher, zeenat khan case report abstract melanin pigmentation of the gingiva is a common occurrence. The purpose of the research is to investigate the advantage of using er. Morphological changes in the attached and keratinized. Excessive gingival pigmentation is a major esthetic concern for many people. May 28, 20 depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3 chinthamani laser dental implant. Pigmented gingiva read the description and select the correct image. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Gingival depigmentation chattanooga gum hyper pigmentation.
In oral cavity found along the free marginal gingiva metallic line is gray or black in colour. Study of coq10enzymes in gingiva from patients with periodontal. The consistency of the gingiva varies on the degree of health, density, and firmness of the tissue. This study involved 331 individuals who were without clinical evidence of gingival inflammation.
Gingival consistency definition of gingival consistency by. A healthy 36yearsold female patient complained about unaesthetic gingiva and she had. Chronic desquamative gingivitis was first recognized and reported in 1894. These findings led to their conclusion that at least 2 mm of keratinized gingiva is required for stability of the periodontium lang and loe, 1972. Gingival enlargement is a commonly encountered problem in clinical practice. Fairskinned people with moderate or severe gingival pigmentation frequently request cosmetic treatment of the black gums.
The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental. Labial teeth and gingiva color image segmentation for. Assessment of gingival biotype and keratinized gingival width of. Sulcus probing depth and keratinized gingiva were examined at the buccal aspect of the incisors, and either right or left. The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that inhabit the gingival tissue adjacent to. Surgical esthetic correction for gingival pigmentation. When pressure is applied to the inflamed gums on the part of the probe, fabrics easily compressed and can retain the imprint of the probe for. Jul 23, 2015 in oral cavity found along the free marginal gingiva metallic line is gray or black in colour. Correction of an inadequate zone of attached gingiva on.
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